Model Context Protocol (MCP)

What is it?

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open protocol that enables seamless integration between LLM applications and external data sources and tools.

MCP is a stateless protocol.

Architecture

Data layer

JSON-RPC 2.0

Transport layer

Stdio transport
- process communication
Streamable HTTP transport
- HTTP POST

primitives

Tools

Executable functions

Resources

Data sources

Prompts

Configuration

claude

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "filesystem": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": [
        "-y",
        "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
        "/Users/username/Desktop",
        "/Users/username/Downloads"
      ]
    }
  }
}

VSCode/JetBrains IDE mcp.json

{
  "servers": {
    "intellij-idea-2026.1": {
      "type": "sse",
      "url": "http://127.0.0.1:64342/sse",
      "x-metadata": {
        "plugin": {
          "id": "com.github.copilot",
          "name": "GitHub Copilot",
          "publisher": "GitHub",
          "description": "JetBrains IDE built-in MCP server providing IDE tools (file operations, search, refactoring, debugging, VCS, etc.)"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

MCP Inspector

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector

npx -y @modelcontextprotocol/inspector npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem ~/Desktop

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector uvx mcp-server-git --repository ~/code/mcp/servers.git

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector --server-url https://api.example.com/mcp --transport http

MCP Registry

Official: https://registry.modelcontextprotocol.io
GitHub: https://github.com/mcp

stdio常用命令

npx
node
uvx
python
java -jar